The anti-genotoxic effect of some lichenic acids

Four lichen secondary metabolites; diffractaic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid were evaluated for the anti-genotoxic effects on human lymphocytes in vitro using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or comet assay. Carbon tetrachloride, a known mutagenic agent was used as the positive control in the comet test system. The results revealed that at all concentrations, the tested compounds mediated a significant decrease in total DNA damage (comet assay) as compared with positive controls (p > 0.05). The most effective doses of lichen acids were found to be 100 μgmL-1 of diffractic acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid, and 50 μgmL-1 of lecanoric acid. In addition, it was determined that the most effective among the tested compounds was vulpinic acid.


INTRODUCTION
Anti-mutagenic properties of diffractaic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid have not been reported up to the present.The purpose of this study activities of the above acids using the comet assay.

METHODOLOGY
The comet assay method of Singh et al.

Statistical analysis
as the mean ± SE. ).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid concentration.

on comet assay
As evident from Table 1, the most effective doses of lichen acids were found to be diffractic,  breaks that lead to DNA migration.On the other hand, of lichen acid.The most effective doses of lichen acids -1 diffractic acid, lobaric acid, and vulpinic acid and lecanoric acid as seen

CONCLUSION
those obtained in the investigations described above, the anti-mutagenic effect of the four lichen acids (diffractaic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid) could is supported by the data obtained in recent investigations carried out in the laboratory.These studies indicate that the above mentioned four lichen acids could increase the lymphocytes in vitro.
more inhabitant photosynthetic partners (algae or studies have revealed an extensive range of biological activities of lichen secondary metabolites (Karunaratne et al et al., 2013).They have been used for medicinal purposes including anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-proliferative, antioxidant activities (Foden et al Oksanen, 2006).On the other hand, although many of the metabolites from 60 lichen species have been studied for determining their biological properties, and diffractaic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid and vulpinic acid have has not yet been fully explored.Karaosmanoglu et al. that Vulpicida canadensis has a high cytotoxic effect in as the major component in this lichen et al vulpinic acid has anti-angiogenic, anti-microbial and researchers have emphasised that lobaric acid possessing anti-oxidant activity is also a tubulin polymerisation inhibitor (Ravaglia et al., 2014).Thadhani et al. (2012) found that lobaric acid exhibits high anti-microbial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria.et al. (1998) reported that lobaric acid obtained from Stereoculon alpine has anti-microbacterial et al.Ramalina species (R. farinacea, R. fastigiata and R. fraxinea) have fumarprotocetraric, lecanoric, sticic and usnic acids.Some researchers determined that evernic, vulpinic, psoromic and (+) -usnic acids have anti-parasitic and Lauinger et al. the diffractic acid isolated from Usnea longissima lichen June 2018 Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 46(2) has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-tumor and insecticidal effects (Karagoz et al., 2014).et al., 2013).

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acids electrophoresis buffer for 30 min to separate the DNA buffer solution at 300 mA, 24 volts for 30 min.All of according to the formation of the tail the percentage of cells in the appropriate comet class by the value of the class.The total visual comet score characterising the degree of DNA damage in the entire classes.Thus, the total visual score could range from 0 (all undamaged) to 400 (all maximally damaged)

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most effective dose against DNA damage as mentioned above.The effects of diffractic acid on the frequencies of total chromosomal aberration and the micronucleus have been reported earlier (Demir et al., In addition, researchers have reported that diffractic acid isolated from Usnea longissima lichen has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-tumor and cytotoxic effects (Emsen et al. et al., 2013; Karagoz et al.It has also been found that diffractic acid from Usnea longissima lichen has antiulcerogenic properties obtained against indocyanineet al., 2006).In addition, some investigators have found changes in anti-proliferative activity and reactive oxygen species et al., 2013).microbial and anti-proliferative activities (Foden et al., et al. et al. mutagenic effects of lecanoric, lobaric and vulpinic acids.Recently, several studies have demonstrated that lobaric acid possesses anti-microbial activity, anti-proliferative et al., al., 2004; Thadhani et al., 2011).
of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 46(2)